Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology

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ISBN: 9780873715645 | 0873715640
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/28/1993

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Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology is the first comprehensive compilation of 85 fundamental methods in modern aquatic microbial ecology. Each method is presented in a detailed, step-by-step format that allows readers to adopt new methods with little difficulty. The methods represent the state of the art, and many have become standard procedures in microbial research and environmental assessment. The book also presents practical advice on how to apply the methods. It will be an indispensable reference for marine and freshwater research laboratories, environmental assessment laboratories, and industrial research labs concerned with microbial measurements in water.

Introduction	p. 1
Isolation and Enumeraton of Anaerobic and Microaerophilic Bacteria in Aquatic Habitats	p. 9
Isolation and Cultivation of Hyperthermophilic Bacteria from Marine and Freshwater Habitats	p. 21
Isolation of Psychrophilic Bacteria	p. 31
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriocytes from a Bivalve-Sulfur Bacterium Symbiosis	p. 33
General Techniques for the Isolation and Culture of Marine Protists from Estuarine, Littoral, Psammolittoral, and Sublittoral Waters	p. 41
Long-Term Culture of Marine Benthic Protists	p. 51
Behavior and Bioenergetics of Anaerobic and Microaerobic Protists	p. 59
Culturing Free-Living Marine Phagotrophic Dinoflagellates	p. 67
Enrichment, Isolation, and Culture of Free-Living Heterotrophic Flagellates	p. 77
Determination of Pressure Effects on Flagellates Isolated from Surface Waters	p. 91
Isolation, Cloning, and Axenic Cultivation of Marine Ciliates	p. 97
Isolation and Laboratory Culture of Marine Oligotrichous Ciliates	p. 103
Extraction of Protists in Aquatic Sediments via Density Gradient Centrifugation	p. 109
Statistical Analysis of Direct Counts of Microbial Abundance	p. 117
Enumeration and Isolation of Viruses	p. 121
Total Count of Viruses in Aquatic Environments	p. 135
Improved Sample Preparation for Enumeration of Aggregated Aquatic Substrate Bacteria	p. 139
Direct Estimates of Bacterial Numbers in Seawater Samples Without Incurring Cell Loss Due to Sample Storage	p. 143
Total and Specific Bacterial Counts by Simultaneous Staining with DAPI and Fluorochrome-Labeled Antibodies	p. 149
Use of RFLPs for the Comparison of Marine Cyanobacteria	p. 155
Use of High-Resolution Flow Cytometry to Determine the Activity and Distribution of Aquatic Bacteria	p. 163
Phytoplankton Analysis Using Flow Cytometry	p. 175
Enumeration of Phototrophic Pieoplankton by Autofluorescence Microscopy	p. 187
Estimating Cell Concentration and Biomass of Autotrophic Plankton Using Microscopy	p. 199
Preservation and Storage of Samples for Enumeration of Heterotrophic Protists	p. 207
Staining of Heterotrophic Protists for Visualization via Epifluorescence Microscopy	p. 213
A Quantitative Protargol Stain (QPS) for Ciliates and Other Protists	p. 229
Preparation of Pelagic Protists for Electron Microscopy	p. 241
A Rapid Technique for the Taxonomy of Methanogenic Bacteria: Comparison of the Methylreductase Subunits	p. 253
Extraction of DNA from Soils and Sediments	p. 261
Detecting Gene Sequences Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction	p. 267
Quantitative Description of Microbial Communities Using Lipid Analysis	p. 271
Single Cell Identification Using Fluorescently Labeled, Ribosomal RNA-Specific Probes	p. 285
Immunofluorescence Method for the Detection and Characterization of Marine Microbes	p. 295
The Relationship Between Biomass and Volume of Bacteria	p. 303
Microscope Methods for Measuring Bacterial Biovolume: Epifluorescence Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy	p. 309
Measurement of Carbon and Nitrogen Biomass and Biovolume from Naturally Derived Marine Bacterioplankton	p. 319
Use of Color Image Analysis and Epifluorescence Microscopy to Measure Plankton Biomass	p. 327
Determination of Size and Morphology of Aquatic Bacteria by Automated Image Analysis	p. 339
Analysis of Microbial Lipids to Determine Biomass and Detect the Response of Sedimentary Microorganisms to Disturbance	p. 347
Total Microbial Biomass Estimation Derived from the Measurement of Particulate Adenosine-5'-Triphosphate	p. 359
Microphytobenthic Biomass Measurement Using HPLC and Conventional Pigment Analysis	p. 369
Microphotometric Analysis of the Spectral Absorption and Fluorescence of Individual Phytoplankton Cells and Detrital Matter	p. 377
Measurement of Elemental Content and Dry Weight of Single Cells: X-Ray Microanalysis	p. 387
Microautoradiographic Detection of Microbial Activity	p. 397
[superscript 14]C Tracer Method for Measuring Microbial Activity in Deep-Sea Sediments	p. 405
Evaluating Bacterial Activity from Cell-Specific Ribosomal RNA Content Measured with Oligonucleotide Probes	p. 415
Use of Fluorogenic Model Substrates for Extracellular Enzyme Activity (EEA) Measurement of Bacteria	p. 423
Photoassimilation of Acetate by Algae	p. 433
Starvation-Survival Strategies in Bacteria	p. 441
Community Respiration Measurements Using a Pulsed O[subscript 2] Electrode	p. 447
Sediment Community Production and Respiration Measurements: The Use of Microelectrodes and Bell Jars	p. 455
Distinguishing Bacterial from Nonbacterial Decomposition of Spartina alterniflora by Respirometry	p. 465
Microbial RNA and DNA Synthesis Derived from the Assimilation of [2,[superscript 3]H]-Adenine	p. 471
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Total Adenine Nucleotide (TAN) Pool Turnover Rates as Measures of Energy Flux and Specific Growth Rate in Natural Populations of Microorganisms	p. 483
Estimating Production of Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton via Incorporation of Tritiated Thymidine	p. 495
Thymidine Incorporation into DNA as an Estimate of Sediment Bacterial Production	p. 505
Leucine Incorporation as a Measure of Biomass Production by Heterotrophic Bacteria	p. 509
Estimating Conversion Factors for the Thymidine and Leucine Methods for Measuring Bacterial Production	p. 513
Bacterial Production in Anaerobic Water Columns	p. 519
Production of Heterotrophic Bacteria Inhabiting Marine Snow	p. 531
Bacterial Growth Rates Measured by Pulse Labeling	p. 537
Utilization of Amino Acids and Precursors for Amino Acid De Novo Synthesis by Planktonic Bacteria	p. 547
Dialysis Bag Incubation as a Nonradiolabeling Technique to Estimate Bacterioplankton Production In Situ	p. 553
Growth Rates of Natural Populations of Heterotrophic Nanoplankton	p. 557
The Labeled Chlorophyll a Technique for Determining Photoautotrophic Carbon-Specific Growth Rates and Carbon Biomass	p. 563
Incorporation of [superscript 14]CO[subscript 2] into Protein as an Estimate of Phytoplankton N-Assimilation and Relative Growth Rate	p. 573
Membrane-Containing Fungal Mass and Fungal Specific Growth Rate in Natural Samples	p. 579
Radiotracer Approaches for the Study of Plant Polymer Biodegradation	p. 589
Estimating Degradation Rates of Chitin in Aquatic Samples	p. 597
Measurement of Dimethylsulfide (DMS) and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in Seawater and Estimation of DMS Turnover Rates	p. 601
Sulfate Assimilation by Aquatic Microorganisms	p. 611
Determination of Nitrogenase Activity in Aquatic Samples Using the Acetylene Reduction Procedure	p. 621
Denitrification and Nitrification Rates in Aquatic Sediments	p. 633
Turnover of [superscript 15]NH[subscript 4]+ Tracer in Sediments	p. 643
Microbial Cycling of Inorganic and Organic Phosphorus in the Water Column	p. 649
Approaches for Measuring Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes in Bacteria	p. 663
Bacterial Sinking Losses	p. 677
Methods for the Observation and Use in Feeding Experiments of Microbial Exopolymers	p. 685
Protistan Grazing Rates via Uptake of Fluorescently Labeled Prey	p. 695
Grazing Rate of Bacterioplankton via Turnover of Genetically Marked Minicells	p. 703
Estimating Rates of Growth and Grazing Mortality of Phytoplankton by the Dilution Method	p. 715
Consumption of Protozoa by Copepods Feeding on Natural Microplankton Assemblages	p. 723
Predation on Planktonic Protists Assessed by Immunochemical Assays	p. 731
Absorption of Microbes by Benthic Macrofauna by the [superscript 14]C.[superscript .51]Cr Dual-Labeling Method	p. 739
Radioisotope Technique to Quantify In Situ Microbivory by Meiofauna in Sediments	p. 745
Index	p. 757
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.

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Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology

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